Tennessee Department of Transportation, Policy No. 530-01. Multimodal Access Policy.
07/31/2015 – 06/01/2024
- RESPONSIBLE OFFICE: Multimodal Transportation Resources Division
- AUTHORITY: T.C.A. 4-3-2303. If any portion of this policy conflicts with applicable state or federal laws or regulations, that portion shall be considered void. The remainder of this policy shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect.
III. PURPOSE: To create and implement a multimodal transportation policy that encourages safe access and mobility for users of all ages and abilities through the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of new construction, reconstruction and retrofit transportation facilities that are federally or state funded. Users include, but are not limited to, motorists, transit-riders, freight-carriers, bicyclists and pedestrians.
- APPLICATION: All Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) employees, consultants and contractors involved in the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of state and federally funded projects, and local governments managing and maintaining transportation projects with funding through TDOT’s Local Programs Development Office.
- DEFINITIONS:
- Highway: A main road or thoroughfare, such as a street, boulevard, or parkway, available to the public for use for travel or transportation
- Multimodal: For the purposes of this policy, multimodal is defined as the movement of people and goods on state and functionally-classified roadways. Users include, but are not limited to, motorists, transit-riders, freight-carriers, bicyclists and pedestrians, including those with disabilities.
- Reconstruction: Complete removal and replacement of the pavement structure or the addition of new continuous traffic lanes on an existing roadway.
- Retrofit: Changes to an existing highway within the general right-of-way, such as adding lanes, modifying horizontal and vertical alignments, structure rehabilitation, safety improvements, and maintenance.
- Roadway: The portion of a highway, including shoulders, that is available for vehicular, bicycle or pedestrian use.
- POLICY: The Department of Transportation recognizes the benefits of integrating multimodal facilities into the transportation system as a means to improve the mobility, access and safety of all users. The intent of this policy is to promote the inclusion of multimodal accommodations in all transportation planning and project development activities at the local, regional and statewide levels, and to develop a comprehensive, integrated, and connected multimodal transportation network. TDOT will collaborate with local government agencies and regional planning agencies through established transportation planning processes to ensure that multimodal accommodations are addressed throughout the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of new construction, reconstruction and retrofit transportation facilities as outlined in TDOT’s Multimodal Access Policy Implementation Plan.
VII. PROCEDURES:
- TDOT is committed to the development of a transportation system that improves conditions for multimodal transportation users through the following actions:
- Provisions for multimodal transportation shall be given full consideration in new construction, reconstruction and retrofit roadway projects through design features appropriate for the context and function of the transportation facility.
- The planning, design and construction of new facilities shall give full consideration to likely future demand for multimodal facilities and not preclude the provision of future improvements. If all feasible roadway alternatives have been explored and suitable multimodal facilities cannot be provided within the existing or proposed right of way due to environmental constraints, an alternate route that provides continuity and enhances the safety and accessibility of multimodal travel should be considered.
- Multimodal provisions on existing roadways shall not be made more difficult or impossible by roadway improvements or routine maintenance projects.
- Intersections and interchanges shall be designed (where appropriate based on context) to accommodate the mobility of bicyclists and pedestrians to cross corridors as well as travel along them in a manner that is safe, accessible, and convenient.
- While it is not the intent of resurfacing projects to expand existing facilities, opportunities to provide or enhance bicycle and pedestrian facilities shall be given full consideration during the program development stage of resurfacing projects.
- Pedestrian facilities shall be designed and built to accommodate persons with disabilities in accordance with the access standards required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Sidewalks, shared use paths, street crossings (including over- and under-crossings) and other infrastructure shall be constructed so that all pedestrians, including those with disabilities, can travel independently.
- Provisions for transit riders, pedestrians, and bicyclists shall be included when closing roads, bridges or sidewalks for construction projects where pedestrian, bicycle, or transit traffic is documented or expected.
- It is TDOT’s expectation that full consideration of multimodal access will be integrated in all appropriate new construction, reconstruction and retrofit infrastructure projects. However, there are conditions where it is generally inappropriate to provide multimodal facilities. Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to:
- Controlled access facilities where non-motorized users are prohibited from using the roadway. In this instance, a greater effort may be necessary to accommodate these users elsewhere within the same transportation corridor.
- The cost of accommodations would be excessively disproportionate to the need and probable use. Excessively disproportionate is defined as exceeding twenty percent (20%) of the cost of the project. The twenty percent figure should be used in an advisory rather than an absolute sense, especially in instances where the cost may be difficult to quantify. Compliance with ADA requirements may require greater than 20% of project cost to accommodate multimodal access. Costs associated with ADA requirements are NOT an exception.
- Areas in which the population and employment densities or level of transit service around the facility, both existing and future, does not justify the incorporation of multimodal alternatives.
- Inability to negotiate and enter into an agreement with a local government to assume the operational and maintenance responsibility of the facility.
- Other factors where there is a demonstrated absence of need or prudence, or as requested by the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation.
- Exceptions for not accommodating multimodal transportation users on State roadway projects in accordance with this policy shall be documented describing the basis and supporting data for the exception, and must be approved by TDOT’s Chief Engineer and Chief of Environment or their designees.
- The Department recognizes that a well-planned and designed transportation network is responsive to its context and meets the needs of its users. Therefore, facilities will be designed and constructed in accordance with current applicable laws and regulations, using best practices and guidance, including but not limited to the following: TDOT Standard Drawings and guidelines, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publications, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) publications, the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) publications, the Public Rights-of-Ways Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG), and the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).
Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Executive Order No. 40. Complete Streets Policy.
10/06/2010 – 06/01/2024
SUBJECT: Complete Streets Policy.
I, Karl Dean, Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me, do hereby find, direct, and order the following:
- The Metropolitan Government desires to support and encourage a transportation system that is safe and convenient for all users, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation through the development of Complete Streets.
- Public Ways are public streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, greenways and similar infrastructure.
III. Complete Streets are Public Ways that include some combination of appropriate facilities, as determined by the surrounding context, that accommodate all modes of transportation, including private vehicles, mass transit, walking, and bicycling.
- The Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee, Green Ribbon Report on Environmental Sustainability, the Nashville Livability Project Report, and the Healthy Nashville Leadership Council have all endorsed or recommended Complete Streets because of their mitigating impact on air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and public health problems such as obesity and asthma, and traffic hazards for pedestrians and bicyclists.
- Policy. In conjunction with projects relating to the design, planning, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or maintenance of Public Ways, departments, boards and commissions of the Metropolitan Government shall:
- Give full consideration to the accommodation of the transportation needs of all users, regardless of age or ability, including those traveling by private vehicle, mass transit, foot, and bicycle;
- Review all current Public Way plans, guides, regulations and standard drawings to comply with this Executive Order.
- Exclusions. Appropriate justifications for excluding accommodations for specific transportation needs include, but are not limited to, findings that:
- Specific Complete Streets principles are prohibited by law, such as bicycle and pedestrian facilities within interstate highway corridors;
- The cost of complying with this Policy on a particular project would substantially exceed the public value to be realized, taking into consideration the need and probable use of the project;
- A scarcity of population or other factors such as the physical character or context of the built environment surrounding the Public Way area indicates an absence of current or future need; or
- Compliance with this Policy would substantially impair unique characteristics of great public value, such as historical importance.
- Implementation. A decision to exclude accommodations for specific transportation needs made after appropriate consideration under this Policy shall be documented with supporting data that indicate the basis for the decision.
ORDERED, EFFECTIVE, AND ISSUED:
Karl F. Dean
Metropolitan Mayor
Date: Oct. 6, 2010
Nashville Next: A General Plan for Nashville & Davidson County, Volume V: Access Nashville 2040.
06/22/2015 – 06/01/2024
[…]
PURPOSE OF THE MAJOR AND COLLECTOR STREET PLAN
The Major and Collector Street Plan (MCSP) is a comprehensive plan and implementation tool for guiding public and private investment in the major streets (Arterial-Boulevards, Arterial-Parkways and Collector-Avenues) that make up the backbone of the city’s transportation system. It is a part of, and implements, Access Nashville 2040, which is a functional plan component of the General Plan called NashvilleNext.
Access Nashville 2040 outlines Accessiblity Principles and ties together these four elements:
- The MCSP prepared by the Metro Planning Department and adopted by the Metro Planning Commission;
- The Strategic Transit Master Plan prepared by the Metro Transit Authority (MTA), which is currently being updated;
- The Strategic Plan for Sidewalks and Bikeways prepared by the Metro Public Works Department (MPW) in 2003 and updated in 2008; and
- The Metro Parks and Greenways Master Plan, which will be updated in 2016.
The MCSP implements the Accessibility Principles of Access Nashville 2040 by mapping the vision for Nashville’s major and collector streets and ensuring that this vision is fully integrated with the city’s land use, mass transit, and bicycle and pedestrian planning efforts.
The MCSP aims to help Nashvillians “complete the trip” by increasing the quality of streets in Nashville, meeting the needs of all users, people who walk, bike, take transit, move goods, and drive cars, in a manner that respects the context and users of the street.
The MCSP contains guidance for two related components of the street network: character and function. The two approaches used to provide guidance for street character are called “Context Sensitive Solutions”(CSS) and “Complete Streets.” These character guidelines apply to the planning, construction and redevelopment of streets. Street function is defined by the degree of mobility, including the number of travel lanes needed during the period covered by the MCSP (20-25years); the degree of accessibility the street provides, as well as its role in the larger network of streets. Major and collector streets are two separate functional classifications of streets that form an interrelated network, which is why they are presented together in this document.
In addition to the detailed analysis of all the major streets within Davidson County, the MCSP also provides basic information on right-of-way widths for local streets.
[…]
Complete Streets
This update of the MCSP also reaffirms Metro’s commitment to utilizing a “Complete Streets” approach to street design. Complete Streets is an initiative by which cities, states, and other jurisdictions adopt policies to ensure future roadway projects will attempt to accommodate all users who walk, bike, take transit, move goods, or drive cars.
This MCSP advances the concept of Complete Streets by developing a thoroughfare system that provides for safe and effective access for all users in completing their trips, while addressing streetscape design in context with the existing or envisioned character of the community. This philosophy in design of transportation corridors emerged in response to a changing culture and demographics which demand more transportation choices. The emphasis on active lifestyles, energy conservation, and the importance of accommodating users of all ages and abilities illustrates that a street can no longer be designed just for the automobile.
Complete Street design should be understood as a process, not a specific product. For that reason, not all “Complete Streets” will look the same. Complete Street design is both an art and a science. As such, good design standards balance engineering judgment and user needs within the context of the street. Roadway design must rely on the design professional’s knowledge of elements such as travel speeds, volumes, horizontal and vertical alignments and sight lines. User needs also influence the design of the Complete Street. Many of the facilities contained within the right-of-way are uniquely associated with the needs of people of all ages and abilities. Character, or the physical context in which the street resides, is another factor considered in Complete Street design. Character influences the form and function of the roadway and its associated streetscape all of which are designed to complement and enhance the surrounding character.
CSS and Complete Streets approaches support the development of healthy and sustainable communities in keeping with local and national policies and initiatives. A national example is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy Community Design Initiative. This initiative promotes the integration of evidencebased health strategies into community planning, transportation, and land use decisions. Providing opportunities for people to incorporate physical activity into their daily lives is an example of one of these strategies and can be accomplished by facilitating activities such as walking to transit, biking to work, or walking to nearby shopping destinations. A transportation system that allows the healthy choice to be the easy choice will contribute to healthier life styles within the community.
Locally, Mayor Karl Dean’s Complete Streets executive order, “Together Making Nashville Green” initiative, the NashVitality campaign, Moving in Harmony campaign, and Access Nashville 2040, along with NashvilleNext inform the direction of this MCSP. The Complete Streets Executive Order, issued on October 6, 2010, directs Metro Departments to “Give full consideration to the accommodation of the transportation needs of all users, regardless of age or ability…” We anticipate future mayoral administrations to reaffirm this commitment. “Together Making Nashville Green” involves citywide efforts to advance environmental sustainability and community health throughout Nashville. Nashviltality promotes a healthy, active and green city. Moving in Harmony promotes sharing the road among all street users–bikes, pedestrians, and cars. NashvilleNext reinforces sustainability efforts, smart land use decisions, and a multimodal transportation network. CSS and Complete Streets further these initiatives by supporting active transportation choices and also by complementing a compact and sustainable urban form that emphasizes investment in the central city and centers where infrastructure is in place and where active transportation choices are relatively easy and convenient to make as part of day-to-day life.
[…]
Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Amended Executive Order No. 031. Complete and Green Streets Policy.
05/24/2016 – 06/01/2024
SUBJECT: Green and Complete Streets Policy
I, Megan Barry, Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me, do hereby amend Executive Order No. 031 and find, direct and order the following:
- The Metropolitan Government reaffirms and expands its commitment to encouraging a safe, reliable, efficient, integrated and connected system of Green and Complete Streets that promotes access, mobility and health for all people, regardless of their age, physical ability, or mode of transportation. The system fairly balances the accommodation of all users of the transportation system, including, but not limited to, people who walk, bike, take transit, drive, transport freight, operate emergency vehicles, or own adjacent land. Furthermore, the system improves environmental quality through the inclusion of green-street elements such as street trees, swales, native plants and grasses, that reduce storm-water runoff, optimize storm-water quality, and enhance natural environments.
- “Public Ways” are public streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, greenways and similar infrastructure.
III. “Green and Complete Streets” are a system of Public Ways that are designed, built, operated, and maintained as a system to improve environmental quality and to enable safe access for people of all ages and abilities to safely move along and across the street right-of-way, regardless of their mode of transportation.
- “Access Nashville 2040” and its component plans, including, but not limited to the “Major and Collector Street Plan,” has been adopted by the Planning Commission as a component of the General Plan, implementing Nashville’s Complete Streets Policy by establishing the use of a system of Public Ways that supports all users, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation in all contexts and community character types.
- The Urban Street Design Guide is a publication of the National Association of City Transportation Officials, hereinafter referred to as “the NACTO Guide”, that has been endorsed by the United States Department of Transportation, the Tennessee Department of Transportation, and Metro Public Works, that provides design guidelines for green and complete street elements.
- Policy
All Metro-owned transportation facilities in the public right-of-way including, but not limited to, streets, bridges and all other connecting pathways shall be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to enhance environmental quality and to allow users of all ages and abilities to travel upon them safely and independently. In conjunction with projects relating to Public Ways, departments, boards and commissions of the Metropolitan Government shall:
(a) Approach every transportation improvement project phase with the purpose to create greener, safer, and more accessible streets for all users. These phases include, but are not limited to: planning, programming, design, right-of-way acquisition, construction, reconstruction, operation and maintenance. Capital improvement projects, re-channelization projects, major maintenance projects, and projects handled by Metro contractors or other qualified consultants that will be accepted for maintenance by Metro Public Works must also be included;
(b) Within one year, complete interdepartmental updates or amendments to all current Public Way plans, guides, regulations, engineering specifications and details to conform to the street-element dimensions established in Access Nashville 2040 and its component plans, including Metro’s Major & Collector Street Plan, and authorize and encourage the appropriate use of green and complete street elements documented in the NACTO guide as components of Public Ways. Nothing in this clause shall preclude the Metropolitan Government from complying with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the Public Right of Way Accessibility Guidelines, or other design guidelines or standards which may be appropriate based on context or required by law;
(c) Publish online a summary-review of these interdepartmental updates or amendments to all Public Way plans, guides, regulations, engineering specifications and details in regards to Green and Complete Streets;
(d) Foster partnerships with the State of Tennessee, the Nashville Area MPO, neighboring communities and counties, utility providers, private parties, the Mayor’s Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee, business and school districts to develop facilities and agreements that further the Green and Complete Streets policy;
(e) Whenever applicable, incorporate and maintain street-trees and sustainable water-quality management principles as identified in the Low Impact Development Stormwater Management Manual of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, the NACTO Guide, or other applicable documents to reduce pollutant, temperature, and runoff impacts to local waterbodies.
- Exceptions.
Exceptions may be appropriate when:
(a) An affected roadway prohibits use by specified users (such as a limited-access highway or a pedestrian mall), in which case a greater effort shall be made to accommodate those specified users elsewhere;
(b) The activities are ordinary maintenance activities designed to keep assets in serviceable condition (e.g. mowing, cleaning, sweeping, spot repair, or other interim measures);
(c) Severe topographic, historical, natural resource, or right-of-way constraints preclude construction of complete street facilities without incurring extreme cost.
Any exception to the Green and Complete Streets Policy, including for eligible private projects, must receive an interdepartmental staff review and approval –among the Mayor’s Director of Infrastructure, the Director of Public Works, the Director of Planning, and the Director of Metro Water Services– and be documented with publicly-available, supporting information that indicates a basis for the decision.
- Implementation.
The Metropolitan Government shall view Green and Complete Streets as integral to everyday decision-making practices and processes. To this end:
(a) All departments, agencies, or committees will review and modify current standards, including but not limited to internal policies, codes and ordinances, to ensure they effectively implement Green and Complete Streets principles; and such groups shall incorporate Green and Complete Streets principles into all future planning documents, manuals, design standards, checklists, decision-trees, rules, regulations, programs, and other appropriate endeavors;
(b) The Metropolitan Government shall encourage staff professional development and training on the latest and best practices in multimodal-transportation and green-street infrastructure by attending conferences, classes, seminars, and workshops;
(c) Staff of the Metropolitan Government shall identify sources of funding for street improvements and maintenance programs, and recommend potential budgetary improvements to support and maintain Green and Complete Streets projects;
(d) The Public Works Department, the Planning Department, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, Metro Water Services, the Health Department, the Police Department, the Mayor’s Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee, and other applicable departments, boards, commissions, and committees of the Metropolitan Government, shall collaborate among themselves and with Nashville Electric Service and other utility/communications providers on engineering, educational, enforcement, and evaluation activities that support the implementation of the Green and Complete Streets Policy, with the goal of achieving zero traffic-related deaths on Nashville streets;
(e) The Metropolitan Government shall measure the success of this Green and Complete Streets policy using performance measures selected by the Planning Commission, and as-derived from NashvilleNext Guiding Principles including measures around equity. The performance measures shall be annually reported to the public at-large via a widely-accessible format, such as Nashville.gov and Metro’s Open Data Portal.
The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Executive Order 45
01/17/2024 – 06/01/2024
WHEREAS, former Mayor Megan Barry’s Amended Executive Order No. 31 issued in 2016 (“Former Order No. 31”), committed the Metropolitan Government to encouraging a safe, reliable, efficient, integrated and connected system of Green and Complete Streets that promotes access, mobility and health for all people, regardless of their age, physical ability, or mode of transportation; and
WHEREAS, Former Order No. 31 made strides to fairly balance the accommodation of all users of the transportation system, including, but not limited to, people who walk, bike, take transit, drive, transport freight, operate emergency vehicles, or own adjacent land; Moreover, the Order addressed environmental quality by encouraging inclusion of green-street elements such as street trees, swales, native plants and grasses, that reduce storm-water runoff, optimize storm-water quality, and enhance natural environments; and
WHEREAS, residents of Metropolitan Nashville have benefitted from Former Order No. 31 and the policies and processes specified therein, namely over 100 miles of sidewalks and over 50 miles of bikeways constructed since 2017; and
WHEREAS, in 2022 the Metropolitan Government adopted Resolution RS2022-1724 approving the Vision Zero Action Plan and Vision Zero Five-Year implementation plan and pledged its support to implementing Vision Zero in Nashville and Davidson County to reduce the number of traffic-related deaths and serious injuries to zero; and
WHEREAS, since issuance of Former Order No. 31, best practices around Complete Streets policies, as offered by national leaders such as Smart Growth America and the National Complete Streets Coalition, have changed significantly, with added emphasis on community engagement, equity, implementation and transparency; and
WHEREAS, the Metropolitan Government has analyzed barriers to implementing Complete Streets in Nashville and incorporated best practices around Complete Streets policies and implementation into a Complete Streets Implementation Guide and associated resources which direct considerations for vulnerable road users and safety and comfort factors for all projects and programs that apply to the transportation network; and
WHEREAS, despite progress initiated by the Green and Complete Streets policy, the need remains great for a safer, more accessible, and better-connected transportation system for all residents of Nashville and Davidson County, with around 4,500 miles of sidewalks still missing and over 100 roadway fatalities in both 2022 and 2023.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Freddie O’Connell, Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me, do hereby find, direct, and order the following:
- VISION, INTENT, AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Vision and Intent
The Metropolitan Government views all transportation improvements as opportunities to foster a vibrant, healthy, equitable, interconnected, accessible, environmentally sustainable, and more livable region where everyone can move about safely, comfortably, and with dignity. Nashville’s Green and Complete Streets Policy shall guide the development of a safe, connected, and equitable transportation network that promotes greater mobility for people of all ages and abilities including, but not limited to, people walking, biking, using transit, driving, or using wheelchairs or other mobility devices.
This includes integrating and prioritizing multimodal street improvements such as bicycle boulevards, protected bicycle lanes, high-capacity transit corridors (such as bus rapid transit or streetcar/light rail lines), connected and accessible networks of sidewalks/walking paths, safe and convenient street crossings, and comfortable and inviting streetscapes. Prioritization shall be based on equity considerations such as the location of vulnerable populations, safety factors such as the High Injury Network and High Injury Intersections identified in Vision Zero, and multimodal transportation plans.
The Green and Complete Streets policy shall also enhance access to destinations such as schools, parks, healthy food retail establishments, public transit, and other key locations.
The Green and Complete Streets policy shall incorporate, where applicable, new street trees and green stormwater infrastructure to reduce urban heat islands, water pollution, and flooding, improving sustainability and resilience.
To the extent consistent with applicable law and procedures, the Metropolitan Government shall consistently fund, plan, design, construct, and operate an interconnected transportation network that safely accommodates all anticipated users and transportation modes. Specific attention shall be given to the safety and comfort needs of the most vulnerable individuals on our streets—people walking, biking, taking transit, and using wheelchairs or other mobility devices—while still balancing the needs of those driving private, commercial, freight, and emergency vehicles. To achieve consistency in applying complete streets practice in infrastructure planning and delivery, the Metropolitan Government shall apply the Complete Streets Implementation Guide in scoping, designing, and constructing roadway infrastructure.
This policy recognizes that all modes cannot receive the same type of accommodation on every street, but the overall goal is that everyone can safely and comfortably travel throughout the network. To accomplish this goal, the Metropolitan Government will rebalance transportation investments to make walking, biking, public transit, and shared mobility safe, attractive, and viable travel options in Nashville and Davidson County. The Nashville Department of Transportation and Multimodal Infrastructure (NDOT) will also revise the existing Major and Collector Street Plan to incorporate a layered network that will provide a clear modal hierarchy on every street, with clearer guidance to manage trade-offs and ensuring safe, complete, and connected networks for all modes.
In addition to their transportation function, streets are the largest form of public space in the region. Therefore, in implementing this Policy, the Metropolitan Government intends to enhance the potential of our streets to become healthy, vibrant, and inviting “places to be” with car-free streets, pedestrian-scale lighting, shade trees and landscaping, public art, walkable destinations, street furniture (such as benches, bus shelters, planters, drinking fountains, trash cans, etc.), and other amenities.
Guiding Principles
This Policy is built upon the following six guiding principles and provides a framework for integrating a Green and Complete Streets approach into the plans, policies, decision-making processes, funding priorities, and other everyday practices of NDOT as well as other relevant departments.
SAFETY: Complete Streets provide a safe travel experience to all and designing Complete Streets is a safety strategy to eliminate preventable traffic fatalities.
ACCESSIBILITY: Complete Streets serve people of all ages and abilities.
EQUITY, DIVERSITY, AND INCLUSIVITY: Complete Streets elements are implemented equitably and inclusively throughout the region.
LAND USE: To the extent permitted by law (where construction of public right of way elements are required of developers), Complete Streets will incorporate context sensitive, flexible design approaches and consider the surrounding community’s current and expected land use and transportation needs in an interconnected manner.
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH: Complete Streets support the health and wellbeing of Nashville’s residents and environment by enhancing sustainable transportation options, providing opportunities for physical activity through active transportation (such as walking and biking), improving air quality through reduced vehicle emissions, mitigating urban heat island effect, utilizing stormwater runoff and decreasing stormwater pollutants, and maximizing shade trees and vegetation.
ECONOMIC VITALITY: Complete Streets help spur economic development by supporting business and job creation and fostering a more resilient workforce that has greater access to employment opportunities through improved travel options.
- COMMITMENT IN ALL PROJECTS AND PHASES
All transportation projects are potential opportunities to make the transportation network safer, as well as more accessible, convenient, affordable, and reliable. Therefore, this Complete Streets Policy, through the Complete Streets Implementation Guide, shall inform decision making throughout all phases of all transportation projects. This includes new construction and reconstruction/retrofit projects as well as maintenance projects and ongoing operations like resurfacing, repaving, restriping, rehabilitation, and signal upgrades, when applicable.
Construction and repair work can create a burden especially for people walking, biking, or using wheelchairs or other mobility devices. Therefore, the Metropolitan Government shall require that all public departments and private contractors provide accommodations for people using all modes of transportation to continue to use the street safely and efficiently during any construction or repair work that infringes on the right-of-way, sidewalk, bicycle lanes, transit stops, or accessibility infrastructure such as curb ramps.
III. EQUITY
The Metropolitan Government is committed to advancing transportation equity through the Green and Complete Streets approach by investing in the most underserved communities, involving the people who have historically been excluded from the transportation planning process, and prioritizing projects and roadway designs that serve the most vulnerable users of the transportation network.
There are populations and communities within the region that face higher transportation burdens and experience greater barriers to accessing resources and opportunities, as well as disenfranchised populations and communities that have traditionally been underrepresented in regional planning and decision-making processes. These populations include low-income individuals, people of color, older adults, children, youth, people with disabilities, and people living in households without access to a private automobile.
Each of these groups are either at higher risk of injury or death while walking or biking and/or more likely to walk, bike or use public transit than the population as a whole and, therefore, needs to be considered specifically when improving the transportation environment. To begin to address these inequities, and consistent with applicable law, the Metropolitan Government shall incorporate equity criteria into the project prioritizing process (as outlined in Section IX) and undertake inclusive community engagement plan (as outlined in Section X) to reach our most vulnerable users and underrepresented populations.
- CLEAR, ACCOUNTABLE EXCEPTIONS
Exceptions may be appropriate when:
An affected roadway prohibits use by specified users (such as a limited-access highway or a pedestrian mall), in which case a greater effort shall be made to accommodate those specified users elsewhere;
The activities are ordinary maintenance activities designed to keep assets in serviceable condition (e.g. mowing, cleaning, sweeping, spot repair, or other interim measures);
Severe topographic, historical, natural resource, or right-of-way constraints preclude construction of complete street facilities without incurring extreme cost.
Any exception to the Green and Complete Streets Policy, including for eligible private projects, must receive an interdepartmental staff review and approval among the Mayor’s Director of Transit and Mobility, the Director of NDOT, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Director of Planning, the Director of Metro Water Services, and other Metropolitan Government departments as applicable.
Documentation for proposed exceptions, including supporting information that indicates a basis for the decision, must be made available to the public prior to final approval of an exception, and the public must be afforded the opportunity to offer comment.
The process for pursuing an exception is outlined in the Complete Streets Implementation Guide and associated resources.
- JURISDICTION
Implementing the Green and Complete Streets Policy is the work of various Metro departments, as well as private partners who manage or fund projects that impact the right-of-way (to the extent permitted by law), the transportation network, and/or the public realm. Therefore, collaborations among multiple departments and other entities are necessary to identify opportunities to incorporate Green and Complete Streets elements and to implement them. To that end, NDOT, the Planning Department, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, Metro Water Services, the Health Department, the Police Department, the Vision Zero Advisory Committee, the Mayor’s Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee, and other applicable departments, boards, commissions, and committees of the Metropolitan Government, shall collaborate among themselves and with Nashville Electric Service and other utility/communications providers on engineering, educational, enforcement, and evaluation activities that support the implementation of the Green and Complete Streets Policy, with the goal of achieving zero traffic-related deaths on Nashville streets.
The Metropolitan Government shall foster partnerships with the State of Tennessee, the Nashville Area MPO, neighboring communities and counties, utility providers, private parties, the Mayor’s Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee, businesses and school districts to develop facilities and agreements that further the Green and Complete Streets policy.
In addition, to the extent possible, the Metropolitan Government shall work closely with relevant entities to incorporate Green and Complete Streets elements into transportation projects that are located within the regional boundaries but are not under the direct control of the Metropolitan Government, such as state-owned roadways.
In some cases, projects that impact the right-of-way are managed and funded by private partners. Therefore, to ensure consistency in the new construction or reconstruction of public streets, the Metropolitan Government shall, to the extent permitted by law, ensure that private development will comply with this Policy through design and development standards and the Guidelines for Multimodal Transportation Analysis for Site Development authorized by Chapter 17.20.140 of the Metropolitan Nashville Code of Ordinances.
- DESIGN SECTION
The Metropolitan Government strives to use the best and latest design standards and guidelines to maximize design flexibility and innovation, and to ensure that design solutions are proactively applied to address the safety and comfort of everyone using regional streets.
Therefore, to the extent permitted by applicable law and procedures, the Metropolitan Government will adopt and develop new transportation design resources, including standard details and specifications based upon best practices in urban design or street design.
These may include, but are not limited to, the following:
The Urban Street Design Guide,Transit Street Design Guide, and Urban Bikeway Design Guide, publications of the National Association of City Transportation Officials, hereinafter referred to as “the NACTO Guides”, that have been endorsed by the United States Department of Transportation, the Tennessee Department of Transportation, and NDOT, that provide design guidelines for green and complete street elements.
Alternate roadway design publications recognized by the Federal Highway Administration under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) and FAST Act.
In addition, the Low Impact Development Stormwater Management Manual of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, the NACTO Urban Street Stormwater Guide, and/or other applicable documents shall be consulted in regard to sustainable water-quality management solutions.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Metropolitan Government shall revise Access 2040 and the Major and Collector Street Plan and other all existing Public Way plans, guides, regulations, engineering specifications and details to ensure they align with a Complete Streets approach as outlined in the Complete Streets Implementation Guide
Nothing in this policy shall preclude the Metropolitan Government from complying with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the Public Right of Way Accessibility Guidelines, or other design guidelines or standards which may be appropriate based on context or required by law.
The Metropolitan Government shall publish online a summary review of these interdepartmental updates or amendments to all Public Way plans, guides, regulations, engineering specifications and details in regard to Green and Complete Streets.
VII. LAND USE AND CONTEXT SENSITIVITY
The Green and Complete Streets approach is not a one-size-fits-all solution and doesn’t mean that every street will have exactly the same elements to accommodate all modes of transportation in the same manner. Implementing Green and Complete Streets design elements must be done in a context sensitive manner with respect to the surrounding community, the natural and built environments, demographics, current and future land uses, and transportation needs. In addition to improving safety and mobility, this approach to process and design aims to support a range of goals—such as enhancing scenic, historic, and environmental resources, ensuring access to business, and allowing for roadway designs to be flexible and sensitive to community needs and values—to better balance economic, social, and environmental objectives.
There is an inextricable connection between land use and transportation. Transportation facilities and investments influence development and neighborhood character. In turn, land use and development patterns affect travel behavior and help determine whether walking, biking, and public transportation are appealing and convenient transportation options. Therefore, complementary land use policies and zoning ordinances are needed for effective Complete Streets Policy implementation to occur, for example, to the extent permitted by law, by facilitating the creation of walkable neighborhood destinations as well as higher density, mixed-use, transit-oriented development in appropriate locations (such as along high capacity transit corridors).
To this end:
The Metropolitan Government shall continue to support coordination between its various departments to identify opportunities to integrate land use and transportation in plans, policies, and practices.
The Metropolitan Government shall review and, in coordination with our development community and applicable law, revise land use policies, plans, zoning ordinances, and/or other relevant documents and procedures to incorporate the vision of the Green and Complete Streets Policy. After a comprehensive review of existing documents, a timeline shall be established for the revisions to be completed.
With the update of the Major & Collector Street Plan, the Metropolitan Government shall consider how transportation projects will serve current and future land uses and shall incorporate new street typologies that take into account the adjacent land uses, densities, and local context of the surrounding neighborhoods, as well as natural environments and hydrological characteristics for integration of green stormwater infrastructure.
In certain instances, significant public investment in transportation infrastructure can trigger an increase in land values and housing costs. In the planning phases of large-scale transportation projects, the Metropolitan Government shall ensure collaboration with NDOT to thoroughly consider measures to preserve housing affordability and increase new affordable housing options in order to help meet community needs and mitigate unintended consequences such as involuntary displacement tied to gentrification.
VIII. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, REPORTING, AND ACCOUNTABILITY
The Metropolitan Government shall measure the success of this Green and Complete Streets policy using performance measures selected by the Planning Commission, and as derived from NashvilleNext Guiding Principles including measures around equity. This includes identification of barriers to equitable implementation of Green and Complete Streets in priority areas with history of disinvestment or underinvestment, areas with poor health outcomes, and/or an area with diminished access to transportation options, and corresponding solutions.
The performance measures and corresponding data shall be annually reported to the public at large via a widely accessible format, such as Nashville.gov and Metro’s Open Data Portal.
- PROJECT SELECTION CRITERIA
Allocating funding to projects with Complete Streets design elements is key to building a safe and interconnected transportation network. To facilitate this, NDOT shall develop a project prioritization tool based on a point system to prioritize projects that improve safety and increase multimodal level of service for the most vulnerable communities. This tool builds upon and expands the project prioritization tools applied in the WalknBike 2022 Update and 2022 – 2024 Work Plan and the Vision Zero High Injury Network, High Injury Intersections. Any regional or projects already prioritized for funding in the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) prior to developing the project prioritization tool shall automatically be included in the priority list and shall include as many Complete Streets elements as possible, consistent with applicable law and within the criteria set by the funding source.
The tool shall incorporate various ranking criteria including an analysis of demographic attributes for vulnerable communities, walking/ bicycling/transit demand, network connectivity, existing crashes/fatalities and the Vision Zero High Injury Network and High Injury Intersections, multimodal level of service improvements, and inclusion of Green and Complete Streets elements. The tool shall also incorporate criteria to ensure equitable implementation of this Policy, to help alleviate disparities by prioritizing geographic areas and communities that have had the least investment in Complete Streets infrastructure.
Additionally, the tool shall further prioritize projects with Complete Streets elements in neighborhoods where residents disproportionately rely on low-cost mobility options and shall, at a minimum, consistent with applicable law, include criteria to direct investment to neighborhoods with higher concentrations of low-income individuals, people of color, and households without access to a private automobile. The tool shall also include additional equity-focused criteria to prioritize projects that directly benefit other vulnerable users of the transportation system such as children, older adults, and people with disabilities.
Health impact assessments may also be utilized during the project decision-making processes as a way to evaluate the health effects of proposed projects and to promote health equity.
- IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
The Metropolitan Government shall view Green and Complete Streets as integral to everyday decision-making practices and processes. To this end:
All departments, agencies, or committees will review and modify current standards, to the extent consistent with law, including but not limited to internal policies, land use policies, zoning codes and ordinances, to ensure they effectively implement Green and Complete Streets principles by December 31, 2024; and to the extent permitted by law, such groups shall incorporate Green and Complete Streets principles into all future planning documents, manuals, design standards, zoning ordinances, checklists, decision-trees, rules, regulations, programs, and other appropriate endeavors. To the extent permitted by law, new or revised plans, policies and standards should state how they support Green and Complete Streets.
Review and revise street design standards currently used in the planning, designing, and implementation phases of transportation projects, in a manner consistent with applicable law, to ensure that they reflect the best available design guidelines for effectively implementing Complete Streets facilities. Draft and publish updated transportation standard details and drawings, pulling from nationally recognized best practices by July 31, 2024.
The Metropolitan Government shall offer training opportunities at least once per fiscal year to boost staff capacity in Green and Complete Streets Policy implementation. Trainings can focus on Green and Complete Streets design and implementation, community engagement, equity, smart technology, or other relevant topics. The Metropolitan Government shall also encourage and facilitate professional development in the Green and Complete Streets approach by sending staff to national conferences or other trainings. The Vision Zero Advisory Committee and the Mayor’s Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee members shall be included in these trainings, as appropriate. The general public may also be included in these trainings, whenever feasible.
Identify performance targets and select performance measures as outlined in Section VIII by July 31, 2024.
Develop a project prioritization tool as outlined in Section IX and develop and adopt other tools associated with the Complete Streets Implementation Guide, such as a Project Charter, Complete Streets Checklist, Project Development Manual, Plan Review Checklist, Design Exception Form, and other resources as necessary to help guide project implementation by July 31, 2024.
Identify ways to improve other Metro practices to better align with the vision and intent of the Complete Streets Policy and changing trends in the industry, including smart technologies, parking regulations, and guidelines for transportation impact studies that include multimodal metrics (such as multimodal level of service analysis and multimodal/urban trip generation methods). This step shall build upon and expand the updates included in the Multimodal Transportation Analysis Guidelines.
Proactively implement automobile speed-management strategies—such as roadway right-sizing, striping narrower lanes, narrowing turn radii, and adding traffic-calming/green stormwater infrastructure features like speed tables, neighborhood traffic circles, curb extensions, diverters, and chicanes—during planned maintenance and operations as well as retrofitting projects.
Support materials, staffing, and other resources needed for new “tactical urbanism” installations, aligned with NDOT’s Tactical Urbanism Guidelines, utilizing temporary materials—like paint, planters, and portable street furnishings—for a variety of Complete Streets enhancements (such as protected bike lanes, traffic calming and management features, plazas, parklets, and intersection safety improvements), to test out ideas, implement pilot projects, and gather community input more quickly.
Develop a plan for accommodating each mode of transportation at a network or system level as a part of an update to Access 2040 and the Major and Collector Street Plan. This Multimodal Mobility Master Plan(3MP) will integrate WalkNBike, nMotion, and new guidance for street trees, green stormwater infrastructure, freight traffic and curbside management. It will also include an updated classification system and new street typologies to provide a multi-modal emphasis and a context-sensitive approach in the way streets are classified and designed.
Create an Equitable Engagement Plan to ensure robust, meaningful, and inclusive community engagement, with a particular emphasis on engaging communities that have traditionally been underrepresented in planning and decision-making processes. The plan shall include specific strategies for overcoming barriers to engagement associated with race/ethnicity, income, age, disability, English language proficiency, vehicle access, and other factors linked to historic disenfranchisement.
To the extent consistent with applicable law and procedures, the Metropolitan Government shall identify sources of funding for street improvements and maintenance programs and recommend potential budgetary improvements to support and maintain Green and Complete Streets projects.
Ordered, Effective and Issued: January 17, 2024
Freddie O’Connell
Metropolitan County Mayor